Monday, April 30, 2012
April 30, 2012 The Secrets of the Spanish Banking System That 99% of Analysts Fail to Grasp
Spain is a catastrophe on such a level that few analysts even grasp it.
Indeed, to fully understand just why Spain is such a catastrophe, we need to understand Spain in the context of both the EU and the global financial system.
The headline economic data points for Spain are the following:
- Spain's economy (roughly €1 trillion) is the fourth largest in Europe and the 12th largest in the world.
- Spain sports an official Debt to GDP of 68% and a Federal Deficit between 5.3-5.8% (as we'll soon find out the official number)
- Spain's unemployment is currently 24%: the highest in the industrialized world.
- Unemployment for Spanish youth is 50%+: on par with that of Greece
The answer to these questions lies within the dirty details of Spain's economic "boom" of the 2000s as well as its banking system.
For starters, the Spanish economic boom was a housing bubble fueled by Spain lowering its interest rates in order to enter the EU, not organic economic growth.
Moreover, Spain's wasn't just any old housing bubble; it was a mountain of a property bubble (blue line below) that made the US's (gray line below) look like a small hill in comparison.
In the US during the boom years, it was common to hear of people quitting their day jobs to go into real estate. In Spain the boom was so dramatic that students actually dropped out of school to work in the real estate sector (hence the sky high unemployment rates for Spanish youth).
Spanish students weren't the only ones going into real estate. Between 2000 and 2008, the Spanish population grew from 40 million to 45 million (a whopping 12%) as immigrants flocked to the country to get in on the boom.
In fact, from 1999 to 2007, the Spanish economy accounted for more than ONE THIRD of all employment growth in the EU.
This is Spain, with a population of just 46 million, accounting for OVER ONE THIRD of the employment growth for a region of 490 million people.
This, in of itself, set Spain up for a housing bust/ banking Crisis worse than that which the US faced/continues to face. Indeed, even the headline banking data points for Spain are staggeringly bad:
- Spanish banks just drew €227 billion from the ECB in March: up almost 50% from its February borrowings
- Spanish banks account for 29% of total borrowings from the ECB
- Yields on Spanish ten years are approaching 7%: the tipping point at which Greece and other nations have requested bailouts
Spain's banking system is split into two tiers: the large banks (Santander, BBVA) and the smaller, more territorial cajas.
The caja system dates back to the 19th century. Cajas at that time were meant to be almost akin to village or rural financial centers. As a result of this, the Spanish country is virtually saturated with them: there is approximately one caja branch for every 1,900 people in Spain. In comparison there is one bank branch for every 3,130 people in the US and one bank branch for every 6,200 people in the UK.
Now comes the bad part...
Until recently, the caja banking system was virtually unregulated. Yes, you read that correctly, until about 2010-2011 there were next no regulations for these banks (which account for 50% of all Spanish deposits).
They didn't have to reveal their loan to value ratios, the quality of collateral they took for making loans... or anything for that matter.
As one would expect, during the Spanish property boom, the cajas went nuts lending to property developers. They also found a second rapidly growing group of borrowers in the form of Spanish young adults who took advantage of new low interest rates to start buying property (prior to the housing boom, traditionally Spanish young adults lived with their parents until marriage).
In simple terms, from 2000 to 2007, the cajas were essentially an unregulated banking system that leant out money to anyone who wanted to build or buy property in Spain.
Things only got worse after the Spanish property bubble peaked in 2007. At a time when the larger Spanish banks such as Santander and BBVA read the writing on the wall and began slowing the pace of their mortgage lending, the cajas went "all in" on the housing market, offering loans to pretty much anyone with a pulse.
To give you an idea of how out of control things got in Spain, consider that in 1998, Spanish Mortgage Debt to GDP ratio was just 23% or so. By 2009 it had more than tripled to nearly 70% of GDP. By way of contrast, over the same time period, the US Mortgage Debt to GDP ratio rose from 50% to 90%. Like I wrote before, Spain's property bubble dwarfed the US's in relative terms.
The cajas went so crazy lending money post-2007 that by 2009 they owned 56% of all Spanish mortgages. Put another way, over HALF of the Spanish housing bubble was funded by an unregulated banking system that was lending to anyone with a pulse who could sign a contract.
Indeed, these banks became so garbage laden that a full 20% of their assets were comprised of loan payments being made by property developers. Mind, you, I'm not referring to the loans themselves (the mortgages); I'm referring to loan payments: the money developers were sending in to the banks.
To try and put this into perspective, imagine if Bank of America suddenly announced that 20% of its "assets" were payments being sent in by borrowers to cover mortgage debts. Not Treasuries, not mortgages, not loans... but payments being sent in to the bank on loans and mortgages.
This is the REAL problem with Spain's banking system. It's saturated with subprime and sub-subprime loans that were made during one of the biggest housing bubbles in the last 30 years.
Indeed, to give you an idea of how bad things are with the cajas, consider that in February 2011 the Spanish Government implemented legislation demanding all Spanish banks have equity equal to 8% of their "risk-weighted assets." Those banks that failed to meet this requirement had to either merge with larger banks or face partial nationalization.
The deadline for meeting this capital request was September 2011. Between February 2011 and September 2011, the number of cajas has in Spain has dropped from 45 to 17.
Put another way, over 60% of cajas could not meet the capital requirements of having equity equal to just 8% of their risk-weighted assets. As a result, 28 toxic caja balance sheets have been merged with other (likely equally troubled) banks or have been shifted onto the public's balance sheet via partial nationalization.
On that note, I fully believe the EU in its current form is in its final chapters. Whether it's through Spain imploding or Germany ultimately pulling out of the Euro, we've now reached the point of no return: the problems facing the EU (Spain and Italy) are too large to be bailed out. There simply aren't any funds or entities large enough to handle these issues.
Labels: collapse, Crash, credit, Crisis Crash, Default, depression, Euro default, Euro finished, Spain
Monday, April 23, 2012
Here Comes Spain, be aware!
As expected Francois Hollande won the first round of the French elections. He and Nicolas Sarkozy will run against each other in the second round, which will occur on May 6th.
The Euro isn't taking this news well. As I write this Sunday night the Euro currency futures have gapped down. I've added this move to the chart below.
130 remains the line in the sand for the Euro. If we take it out with conviction then we're in BIG trouble.
I believe we're at most a month or so away from this. Spain has now stepped center stage in the Euro Crisis. And the Spanish Ibex has just taken out its 15-year trendline:
This spells MAJOR trouble for Spain and the rest of the EU. Unlike Greece, (which has its own elections, which could go very wrong for the EU, on May 6th by the way), Spain is too big to bail out. Indeed, the Spanish banking system is a toxic sewer of bad mortgage debt: over half of all mortgages were generated and owned by the unregulated cajas. If you're unfamiliar with the caja banking system, let me give you a little background...
Until recently, the caja banking system was virtually unregulated. Yes, you read that correctly, until about 2010-2011 there were next no regulations for these banks (which account for 50% of all Spanish deposits). They didn't have to reveal their loan to value ratios, the quality of collateral they took for making loans... or anything for that matter.
As one would expect, the cajas have been collapsing like dominos in the last few years. Spain's been trying to prop them up by merging them with larger (likely equally insolvent) banks with no success (the merged banks have all collapsed to new lows in the last month).
On top of this, Spanish Banks are drawing a record €316.3 billion from the ECB (up from €169.2 billion in February).
Things have gotten so bad that Spanish citizens are pulling their money out of Spain en masse: €65 billion left the Spanish banking system in March 2011 alone. And all of this is happening at a time in which relations are breaking down between Germany and the ECB as well as between Germany and France.
In other words, the EU collapse is about to enter its next round. Remember, all collapses follow the same pattern:
2) the re-test/ attempt to reclaim upwards momentum
3) the roll-over/ REAL fireworks
So if you're not already taking steps to prepare for the coming collapse, you need to do so now.
Labels: collapse, Crash, crisis, Default, Euro crisis, Spain
Thursday, April 19, 2012
Forget Today's Bond Auction, Spain is an Absolute Disaster
Well the financial world is awash with reports that the Spanish auctions went well. They did not. And you better believe the ECB and other Central Banks were involved in the buying.
Instead, Wall Street is using the auction (and just about every other announcement this morning) to shred and those who sold calls in their usual options expiration games. This has been the norm for years, but the mainstream financial media continues to find "fundamental" excuses for market action that is clearly just manipulation and nothing more.
Case in point, if the Spanish auction went so well, why are Spanish Credit Default Swaps widening? Ditto for Spanish yields (the ten year is back closing in on 6%)!
However, ultimately this auction means next to nothing. Spain is an absolute disaster on a level that few if any analysts can even grasp.
How else do you describe a country for which:
Total Spanish banking loans are equal to 170% of Spanish GDP.
Total Spanish private sector debt is near 300% of GDP.
Troubled loans at Spanish Banks just hit an 18-year high of over 8%.
Spanish Banks are drawing a record €316.3 billion from the ECB (up from €169.2 billion in February).
By the way, Spanish banks need to roll over 20% of their bonds this year too. Good luck with that. I'm sure it will all work out well. After all, the ECB and IMF have the funds to prop up Spain's €1 trillion economy.
Oh wait, they don't. In fact no one does. The IMF's requests for more funds have been rejected by both the US and Canada (you really think Obama will fund a European bailout during an election year?). And the ECB has already blown up its balance sheet to the point that Germany and the ECB are growing hostile to each other (I'm sure this will work out well too).
Forget today's auction and the spin being thrown about. Spain is a disaster. Its banking system is a sewer of toxic debts which the Spanish Government has attempted to fix by either merging insolvent banks together or spreading toxic garbage onto the public's balance sheet.
This might fly in the US (or has least has so far) where the economy is more robust and diversified than in Spain. But for a country whose housing bubble dwarfed that of the US and which is already posting unemployment of 24% (the highest in the industrialized world) and youth unemployment of 50%+, it's a tough sell.
Oh, and Spain's King decided to take time off from hearing about the Crisis to go elephant hunting. That should go over well with the Spanish populace, which is now facing austerity measures when the country is already in a Depression.
Just wait, once options expiration ends, we'll be back to the fireworks. In fact, smart investors should take advantage of this ramp job to prepare for what's coming.
Labels: bailout, Banking crisis, Crash, Default, depression, Spain, toxic debts
Wednesday, April 11, 2012
Europe Will Collapse in May-June
Starting back in August, I began suggesting that we were approaching a Systemic Crisis/ Crash scenario in the markets.
The technical and fundamentals both supported this forecast, but I completely underestimated the degree to which the Central Banks and EU would attempt to prop up the market.
At that time, I thought it likely we'd see a Crash, which would then be met with another round of stimulus, which would push the economy temporarily into the green. It seemed the most logical outcome given that we were heading into an election year with a President whose ratings were at record lows.
Instead, the Federal Reserve, particularly those Fed Presidents from Financial Centers (Charles Evans of Chicago and Bill Dudley of New York) began a coordinated campaign of verbal intervention, hinting that more easing or QE was just around the corner.
These verbal interventions coincided with coordinated monetary interventions between the Federal Reserve and other world Central Banks: first on September 15 2011 and again on November 30 2011.
The effects of both coordinated moves were short-lived in terms of equity prices, but they did send a message that the Central Banks were willing to intervene in a big way to maintain the financial system. This in turn helped to ease interbank liquidity problems in Europe (more on this in a moment) and maintain the belief that the Fed backstop or "Bernanke Put" was still in effect.
Another issue that served to push the markets higher was European leaders' decision to go "all in" on the EU -bail out project. I've tracked those developments closely in previous articles.
Regarding this factor, I also underestimated the extent to which leaders would push to hold things together. After all, Greece had already received bailouts in excess of 150% of its GDP and still posted a GDP loss of 6.8% in 2011. It's hard to believe they'd want to accept more austerity measures and more debt.
Moreover, political tensions between Greece and Germany had reached the point that Greeks were openly comparing German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Finance Minister Wolfgang Schauble as Nazis while the Germans referred to Greece as a "bottomless hole" into which money was being tossed.
Looking back on it, the clear reality was that Germany wanted to force Greece out of the EU but didn't want to do it explicitly: instead they opted to offer Greece aid provided Greece accepted austerity measures so onerous that there was no chance Greece would go for it.
Well, Greece surprised many, including myself, and went for it. And so the EU experiment continues to exist today. However, before the end of this issue I will make it clear precisely why this will not be the case for much longer and why we are on the verge of a systemic collapse in Europe.
For starters, unemployment in Greece as a whole is now over 20%. For Greek youth (aged 15-24) it's over 50%. The country is in nothing short of a Depression.
Indeed, Greece has now experienced five straight years of contraction bringing the total contraction of Greece's GDP to 17%. To provide some historical perspective here, when Argentina collapsed in 2001 its total GDP collapse was 20% and this was accompanied by full-scale defaults as well as systemic collapse and open riots.
With new austerity measures now in place there is little doubt Greece will see a GDP contraction of 20%, if not more. I expect we'll see other "Argentina-esque" developments in the country as well. Put mildly, the Greek issue is not resolved.
The one thing that would stop me here would be if Greece staged a full-scale default. While the political leaders and others view a total default as a nightmare (and it would be for Greek pensions, retirees, and many EU banks), it is only a total default that could possibly solve Greece's debt problems and allow it to return to growth.
Defaults are akin to forest fires; they wipe out all the dead wood and set the stage for a new period of growth. We've just witnessed this in Iceland, which did the following between 2008 and 2011:
- Had its banks default on $85 billion in debt (the country's GDP is just $13 billion).
- Jailed the bankers responsible for committing fraud during the bubble.
- Gave Icelandic citizens debt forgiveness equal to 13% of GD.
Today, just a few years later, Iceland is posting GDP growth of 2.9%: above that of both the EU and the developed world in general. In plain terms, the short-term pain combined with moves that reestablished trust in the financial system (holding those who broke the law accountable) created a solid foundation for Iceland's recovery.
Now, compare this to Greece which has "kicked the can" i.e. put off a default, for two years now, dragging its economy into one of the worst Depressions of the last 20 years, while actually increasing its debt load (this latest bailout added €130 billion in debt in return for €100 billion in debt forgiveness).
Iceland staged a REAL default, and has returned to growth within 2-3 years. Greece and the Eurozone in general have done everything they can to put off a REAL default with miserable results. I'll let the numbers talk for themselves:
| Country | 2011 GDP Growth | 2012 GDP Growth Forecast |
| Iceland | 2.9% | 2.4% |
| EU (all 27 countries) | 1.5% | 0.0% |
| 17 EU countries using Euro | 1.4% | -0.3% |
* Data from EuroStat
The point I'm trying to make here is that defaults can in fact be positive in the sense that they deleverage the system and set a sound foundation for growth. The short-term pain is acute (Iceland saw its economy collapse 6.7% in 2009 when it defaulted). However, a combination of defaulting and debt forgiveness (for households) can restructure an economy enough for it to begin growing again.
However, EU leaders refuse to accept this even though the facts are staring them right in the face. The reason is due to one of my old adages: politics drives Europe, NOT economics.
And thanks to the Second Greek Bailout (not to mention the talk of a potential Third Bailout which has already sprung up), we now know that EU leaders have chosen to go "all in" on the EU experiment.
Put another way, EU leaders will continue on their current path of more bailouts until one of two things happens:
1) The political consequences of maintaining this strategy outweigh the benefits
2) The European markets force EU leaders' hands (hyper-inflation or widespread defaults and the break up the EU).
Regarding #1, this process is already well underway for those countries needing bailouts. Investors must be aware that the Governments of Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Italy have all watched/are watching the Greece situation closely.
Moreover we can safely assume that the topic of defaulting vs. asking for bailouts in return for austerity measures has been discussed at the highest levels of these countries' respective Governments (more on this in a moment).
These discussions are also underway at those countries that are providing bailout funds. German politicians have won major political points with German voters for playing hardball with Greece. As I've stated before Germany may in fact be the country that ends up walking if EU continues down its current path of bailout madness.
With that in mind, there are three key political developments coming up.
1) Ireland's upcoming referendum
2) Greece's upcoming election
3) France's upcoming elections (April and May)
Regarding #1, Ireland will be staging a referendum regarding the new fiscal requirements of the EU sometime before October. While the actual date has yet to be set, Ireland will likely stage its referendum after the French elections in (April and/or May... more on this in a moment).
Ireland has already staged two referendums which Irish citizens voted AGAINST until various concessions were made. This time around the primary concession being discussed is potential debt forgiveness (the country definitely needs it). Indeed, according the Boston Consulting Group, Ireland needs to write-off some €340 billion in debt just to make its debt levels "sustainable."
So Ireland could easily be a wildcard here. The country is already in recession. So we need to monitor developments there as this referendum could go very, very wrong for the EU.
However, the BIG election of note is that of France where the current frontrunners are Nicolas Sarkozy (Angela Merkel's right hand man in trying to take control of the EU) and super-socialist François Hollande.
A few facts about Hollande:
1) He just proposed raising tax rates on high-income earners from 41% to 75%.
2) He wants to lower the retirement age to 60.
3) He completely goes against the recent new EU fiscal requirements Merkel just convinced 17 EU members to agree to and has promised to try and renegotiate them to be looser.
Currently polls have Sarkozy and Hollande securing the top slots in the first round of the election on April 22. This would then lead to a second election in May which current polls show Hollande winning (this has been the case in all polls for over two months).
However, there's now another leftist wildcard coming into the mix: communist Jean-Luc Mélenchon who is now taking 11% in the polls (he was at 5% last month). And Mélenchon's primary campaign message? Rejecting austerity measures completely via "civic uprising."
Now, Mélenchon could end up taking votes away from Hollande therby allowing Sarkozy to win. It's difficult to say how this will play out. But if Sarkozy loses to either of these candidates, then the EU in its current form will crumble as Germany loses its principle ally in pushing for fiscal reform and austerity measures.
Finally, let's not forget Greece where politicians are now pushing for an election on April 29 or May 6 (the Second Bailout was passed based on new parliamentary elections being held soon after).
This could be yet another wildcard as it is around the time of the French elections, which Greek politicians will be watching closely. Remember, the key data points regarding Greece's economy:
1) A 20% economic contraction over the last five years
2) Unemployment north of 20% and youth unemployment over 50%
3) Unfunded liabilities equal to 800% of GDP courtesy of an aging population and shrinking working population (which is shrinking all the time as youth leave the country in search of jobs)
These facts will not play out in a victory for "pro-bailout" politicians. So the Greece deal, which is supposed to solve Greece's problems, could actually be in danger based on a change in politics.
Remember, as stated before, politics rule Europe, not economics. And Europe now appears to be shifting towards a more leftist/ anti-austerity measure political environment. If this shift is cemented in the coming Greek, French, and Irish elections/ referendums, then things could get ugly in the Eurozone VERY quickly.
That's the political analysis of Europe. Now let's take a look at what the various EU economies/ markets are telling us.
Spain's current economic condition matches that of Greece... and it hasn't even begun to implement aggressive austerity measures. Unemployment is already 20+% without any major austerity measures having been put in place.
Anecdotal reports show Spain to be an absolute disaster. Spanish banks GREATLY underplay their exposure to the Spanish housing market ("officially" prices are down 20% but most likely it's a lot more than that).
In simple terms, things are getting worse and worse in Spain... and the market knows it. Indeed, the charts of most EU indexes, particularly Spain, are telling us in no uncertain terms that the markets are expecting a truly horrific collapse sometime in the not so distant future. Timing this precisely is difficult but the window between May-June is the most likely time, as it will coincide with:
1) The end of seasonal buying (November-May)
2) The French, Greek, and Irish elections/ referendums all of which could go very wrong for the EU (April-May)
3) The end of the Fed's Operation Twist 2 Program (June).
Now, having said all of this I have to admit I have been very early on my call for a Crash. I'm fine with admitting that. Calling a crash is difficult under normal conditions, let alone in a market that is as centrally controlled as this one.
Indeed, going back to March 2009, it is clear that the Fed has been the ONLY prop under the markets as QE 1, QE lite & QE 2, and now Operation Twist 2 have all been announced any time stocks staged a sizable correction (15+%).
In fact, on a weekly chart of the S&P 500 going back four years, we find two items of note:
1) The Fed will only tolerate a 15% drop or so in stocks before it announces a new monetary program
2) Each successive Fed program has had a smaller and smaller impact on stock prices (QE 1: 44%, QE 2 and QE lite: 33%, Operation Twist 2: 22%).
Aside from these monetary interventions, we also have to deal with the Fed's verbal interventions: every time stocks start to break down some Fed official (usually Charles Evans or Bill Dudley) steps forward and promises more easing... or the Fed releases some statement that it will maintain ZIRP an additional year... and VOOM! stocks are off to the races again.
With that in mind, I will admit I've been caught into believing a Crash was coming several times in the last few years. In some ways I was right: we got sizable corrections of 15+%. But we never got the REAL CRASH I thought we would because the Fed stepped in.
So what makes this time different?
Several items:
1) The Crisis coming from Europe will be far, far larger in scope than anything the Fed has dealt with before.
2) The Fed is now politically toxic and cannot engage in aggressive monetary policy without experiencing severe political backlash (this is an election year).
3) The Fed's resources are spent to the point that the only thing the Fed could do would be to announce an ENORMOUS monetary program which would cause a Crisis in of itself.
Let me walk through each of these one at a time.
Regarding #1, we have several facts that we need to remember. They are:
1) According to the IMF, European banks as a whole are leveraged at 26 to 1 (this data point is based on reported loans... the real leverage levels are likely much, much higher.) These are a Lehman Brothers leverage levels.
2) The European Banking system is over $46 trillion in size (nearly 3X total EU GDP).
3) The European Central Bank's (ECB) balance sheet is now nearly $4 trillion in size (larger than Germany's economy and roughly 1/3 the size of the ENTIRE EU's GDP). Aside from the inflationary and systemic risks this poses (the ECB is now leveraged at over 36 to 1).
4) Over a quarter of the ECB's balance sheet is PIIGS debt which the ECB will dump any and all losses from onto national Central Banks (read: Germany)
So we're talking about a banking system that is nearly four times that of the US ($46 trillion vs. $12 trillion) with at least twice the amount of leverage (26 to 1 for the EU vs. 13 to 1 for the US), and a Central Bank that has stuffed its balance sheet with loads of garbage debts, giving it a leverage level of 36 to 1.
And all of this is occurring in a region of 17 different countries none of which have a great history of getting along... at a time when old political tensions are rapidly heating up.
Labels: Banking crisis, Crash, Default, depression, Greece, Spain
Monday, April 09, 2012
We Are Nearing the End Game of Central Bank Intervention
Because of a lack of foreign interest in long-term Treasuries, the Fed decided to step in to pick up the slack. As a result of this, the US Federal Reserve has accounted for 91% of all new debt issuance in the 20+years bracket. Put another way, the US Federal Reserve is now effectively the long-end of the US debt market.
Operations Twist 2 has also allowed US commercial banks to unload their long-term Treasury holdings in exchange for new capital: something most of the Primary Dealers are in dire need of. This in turn helps to explain why the US stock market has advanced despite the fact that retail investors have been pulling out of the market in droves.
Put another way, the markets have been ramped higher by more juice from the Fed (and corporate buybacks). However, the fact remains that this juice has come from the Fed reallocating its current portfolio holdings, NOT printing more money outright to monetize US debt via QE.
So while the media and 99% of analysts believe the Fed is and can continue to act aggressively to prop up the markets, the fact is that the Fed has been reining in its monetary stimulus over the last nine months, largely relying on verbal intervention from Fed Presidents to push stocks higher.
We have known this for some time. But the general public and financial media are only just starting to realize that the Fed, in some ways, is at the end of its rope in terms of monetary intervention. This has become increasingly clear in the Fed FOMC statements.
Consider the latest FOMC statement released last week...
Fed Signals No Need for More Easing Unless Growth Falters
The Federal Reserve is holding off on increasing monetary accommodation unless the U.S. economic expansion falters or prices rise at a rate slower than its 2 percent target.
"A couple of members indicated that the initiation of additional stimulus could become necessary if the economy lost momentum or if inflation seemed likely to remain below" 2 percent, according to minutes of their March 13 meeting released today in Washington. That contrasts with the assessment at the FOMC's January meeting in which some Fed officials saw current conditions warranting additional action "before long."
Ignore the verbal obfuscation here. The Fed knows that inflation is higher than 2%. It also knows that US growth is faltering. The above announcement is the Fed essentially admitting its hands are tied regarding more easing due to:
- Gas being at $4 and food prices not far from record highs.
- This being an election year and the Fed now politically toxic.
- Growing public outrage over the Fed's actions (secret loans, etc.) in the past.
Again, we are in a process of slow awakening to the fact that the Fed has not solved the problems that caused 2008. Instead, the Fed has exacerbated these problems (excess leverage) and created new problems in the process (inflation).
Fortunately for the Fed, the European Central Bank has picked up the intervention slack since the Fed began pulling back in mid-2011. Indeed, between July 2011 and today, the ECB has expanded its balance sheet by an incredible $1+ trillion: more than the Fed's QE 2 and QE lite combined (and in just a nine month period).
The two largest interventions were the ECB's LTRO 1 and LTRO 2, which saw the ECB handing out $645 billion and $712 billion to 523 and 800 banks respectively.
As a result of this, the ECB's balance sheet exploded to nearly $4 trillion in size, larger than the GDPs of Germany, France, or the UK.
This rapid and extreme expansion of the ECB's balance sheet (again it was greater than QE lite and QE2 combined... in nine months) indicates the severity of the banking crisis in Europe. You don't rush this much money out the door this fast unless you're facing something very, very bad.
This rapid expansion has also resulted in the ECB obtaining a similar political toxicity to that of the US Federal Reserve. Indeed, those European banks that participated in the LTRO schemes have found their Credit Default Swaps exploding relative to their non-LTRO participating counterparts.
The reason for this is obvious: any bank that participated in either LTRO implicitly announced that it was in dire need of capital. As a result of this the markets have stigmatized those banks that participated in the schemes, thereby:
1) Diminishing the impact of the ECB's moves.
2) Indicating that the ECB is now politically toxic in that those EU financial institutions that rely on it for help are punished by the markets.
In simple terms, the Fed's hands are tied and the ECB is out of ammo. The End Game for Central Bank intervention is approaching. And it won't be pretty... First Europe. Then Japan. Then the US. The Debt Implosion will spread throughout the global financial system.
If you're not already taking steps to prepare for the coming collapse, you need to do so now.
Labels: Banking crisis, Collaps, Crash, Default, depression
